Regional Transformations in the Middle East since 2023 and Their Impact on the Future of Egyptian–Iranian Relations

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the regional transformations that the Middle

East has experienced since 2023, coinciding with the beginning of a new

phase. These transformations are exemplified by the Saudi–Iranian

reconciliation under Chinese mediation in 2023. The shifts, however, did

not stop there, as they were accompanied by a resurgence of the Palestinian–Israeli conflict following the October 7 attack and the subsequent Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip. Additionally, the period

witnessed the rising influence of global powers such as China and Russia,

alongside, as well as the geopolitical tensions affecting international navigation in the Red Sea. These developments have left significant implications for re-evaluating the future of Egyptian–Iranian relations.

Keywords: Middle East, regional transformations, Saudi–Iranian

Reconciliation, Egyptian–Iranian relations; October 7, 2023, global powers, Red Sea.