Artificial Intelligence: Ethical and Political Challenges , Legal Accountability, and Security Implications

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into administrative practices and digital governance frameworks at both governmental and societal levels. Issues of data protection and privacy constitute the core of these challenges. The study argues that the operational mechanisms of machine learning–based applications—particularly those trained on large-scale datasets that are

opaque or obtained without proper authorization—may result in serious violations and complex ethical dilemmas. Furthermore, intellectual property rights and patent regimes pose significant legal challenges, raising fundamental questions regarding the ownership of AI-generated content and its implications for copyright, trade, secrets، and related proprietary rights. In addition, decision-making processes within digital governance systems

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Legal Challenges, Public Opinion

Management, Ethical Challenges, Emerging Actor Challenges,

Politicization of Artificial Intelligence, Intellectual Property.