The National State in Western Political Thought (Jurgen Habermas - Nancy Fraser) as Models
Abstract
The idea of generality poses many paradoxes that are related to public affairs, and because philosophical thinking is subject to the issues of human existence, and generality is a common concept in contemporary Western political philosophy, so it forms the base of connection between human being and the world.
Today all dimensions of publicity from the perspective of philosophy and politics should be taken into consideration. If the city-state requires the identification of the human being (the citizen), then the state itself requires a distinction between the public and private spheres and their employment according to the public space, which Habermas expressed as constituting the critical mind that employs space (the public gathering has a critical public opinion) and the propaganda that the state uses to direct public opinion. This space constitutes a link with the public and private spheres, which Fraser expressed as a basis for thinking in general within what she called (the life of action) in order to monitor the transformations in social structures and the accompanying transformations in political action. Thinking about publicity (public space) goes back to Kant, who employs the use of reason according to boldness or strength, which imposes courage, independence, responsibility, and will but: what use of reason is possible?
It means the private use and the public use that Habermas expressed as the generality or the public space that is linked to the political action of the state or political practice by framing public opinion and propaganda, which govern the communicative human action at every time and place and impose the communicative act through dialogue, discussion, deliberation, and the debate it imposes. It is considered Contributions to Contemporary Western Political Thought.
